Types of waste

The minerals, inorganic salt and acids are dumped by the industrial and mining enterprises. They include salts of metals and their oxides, metals themselves, acids, cyanic and other combinations and can cause obvious or latent intoxication of water organisms and people. Waters from agricultural fields, the household and industrial drains may include such artificial combinations, as washing liquids - detergents, and chemical combinations for struggle with insects, weeds, and having the general name pesticides. These substances are dangerous for living organisms and a man, and pesticides can be collected in their bodies. The cases are known, when detergents washed off the fat from the feathers of water swimming birds, and they died in reservoirs.
The dangerous pollution of reservoirs is caused by outflow of hydrocarbon - petroleum, petrol, kerosene, black oil. Usually the hydrocarbons get in reservoirs either with waste water of the oil refining enterprises, or at failure of capacities for a storage and transport systems, for example of pipelines. There are also "deliberate" cases of pollution. So, at an emergency condition of the plane, which has risen in air, it resets superfluous fuel before the compelled landing. The hydrocarbons give water an unpleasant smell and taste, they complicate an exchange of water with gases of an atmosphere, they are toxical for many water organisms.
The radioactive pollution occurs at outflow in a mining industry, on concentrating mills, where the radioactive substances are received, in nuclear reactors.
The household waste water, drain from fields containing solutions of mineral fertilizers, liquid drain from territory of cattle-breeding complexes, bring in reservoirs a plenty of nutritious substances, which are frequently named biogenic. The emission of then is acknowledged as very dangerous to a reservoir. They "fertilize" reservoirs and cause excessive development of water organisms, frequently of blue-green seaweed, that eventually results to downturn of the contents of oxygen in water, dying of life in a reservoir. It was already spoken above, that weight of living organisms on a planet is limited by some biogenic elements and one of them is phosphorus. The man has now interfered in the natural balanced process of circulation of biogenesis and in particular phosphorus. Such the large water objects, as lakes Erie and Taho in USA, Ladoga, and many considerably smaller water objects, have already suffered from its surplus. This process is called evtrofication, when after "explosion�" of life there is a destruction of water ecosystems because of big decrease of the contents of oxygen and their transition in a new condition - dying and development of organisms-destructers. Evtrofication has now captured majority of continental lakes, reservoirs, channels, small and large rivers.
The researches, carried out per last years, have shown, that, except for antropogeneous, there is also natural hydrocarbon pollution of ocean at the expense of infiltration of them from ground adjournment in underwater deposits. Nevertheless, by existing estimations, the basic share make hydrocarbon of an antropogeneous origin.

There is constantly 20 kg of petroleum on 1 km ² of the surface in the Mediterranean sea, and in its east part - 10 times more. Annually in waters of the sea intentionally, first of all at the expense of washing of fuel ships capacities, and also at an overload of petroleum from tankers, more than 0,5 mln of petroleum is released. At coast of famous Riviera more than 300 tones of the crude waste water is released on 1 km of coast per one year. On many famous at one time beaches of Italy the bathing is forbidden now, because of danger of infection. 4/5 Of Italian coasts is polluted with petroleum, industrial and household waste water. 90 % of household and industrial waste water is released in the Mediterranean sea without any clearing. Polluters, collected in the Mediterranean sea, have a bad influence on its ecosystems, because of weak water exchange with the Atlantic ocean.