And still the most widespread and unpleasant phenomenon at irrigation - is salting of ground. In ground there is a lot of easily dissolved salts. As a result of outflow of water from channels and submission on fields of excessive amount of water, a level of earth waters begins to rise. Water acts from this level on system of capillary emptiness to a surface of ground and is included in process of evaporation. Earth water, by wetting a thick layer of underground and ground, bears to a surface solutions of salts, which remain close to a surface of ground or on it after evaporation. The ground is salted in such way, changes the properties and structure and loses fertility. On a place of an oasis there is a salted desert created by hands of the man. At one time in personal possession of kings Romanovs in steppe Golodnaya the managers of an imperial manor have made such a noise, that they have quickly transformed tens thousand hectares of ground in fruitless sallies.

The very ancient example of salting of ground is revealed by archeological excavation in valleys of Tiger and Evfrat, where the irrigating systems, thrown in XVII century BC, were found out. It is impossible to say, that the situation has strongly changed for passed millenniums, except that the irrigated territory now has strongly extended, and it has resulted large expansion of the area of occupied territories. All in all in Russia the significant part of irrigated grounds is salted or being salted. Businesses are not better in other countries ; in USA, for example, about 40 % of irrigated grounds is a subject of salting too. Thus, from 260 mln of hectares of grounds, irrigated all over the world, up to 100 mln hectare require realization of measures on protection from salting. Many of the salted grounds are deserted. All over the world there are more salted grounds, deserted because of irrigation, than irrigated grounds. In grounds under chernozem the existence of 3-5 ancient salt horizons is established almost everywhere, which testify about past moisturizing of these territories. Therefore the overirrigation and loss of water from irrigation systems on deep infiltration is the most terrible scourge on irrigated chernozems. The rise of a level of earth waters up to 2-2,5 m from a surface causes the fast salting of ground and its output from ground arable fund.