Already at an early stage the people began to create associations and to increase concentration of the population in small territories, forming at first settlements, and then city. Such the increased concentration has also created first areals of environment pollution, as the amount of concentrated on small territory natural releasers of man's living activity has become to exceed their allowable natural congestion on unit of the area, and consequently nature required more time for their processing. But still these were the very located sites of pollution. Perhaps, the first infringements of balance in appreciable territory were connected to water, its use for irrigation. Irrigation systems were there, as a matter of fact businesses, the wounds on a surface of ground. Water from irrigation channels, being filtered through the bottom and walls, humidified a strip along them and raised a level of earth waters. In one cases water washed away walls of the channel, in others filled in their channels with adjournment. The cleaning of the channel resulted escalating of coasts, as the drifts from its channel were spread on boards. As a result the channel began to rise above the environment, and it raised a level of earth waters even more. Overwashing, filtration from channels eventually lifted a level of earth waters so, that the salting of ground began. The problem is not solved till now: an operating ratio of usage of irrigation systems of waters is equal , on the average, in USA to 0,6, in USSR it varies from 0,4-0,7, in Kirghizia up to 0,5, on Northern Caucasus and in Southern Kazakhstan 0,25-0,35, therefore the plants get not more, than 25-60 % of water, received from water sources, other water is spent inefficiently, and frequently even brings the certain harm. The losses of water begin already in the main channel. Therefore walls and bottom of channels are rolled, covered with various covering materials. When water is directed on a field from channels, it occurs, that a significant washing off of the ground passes. The sizes of washing-off are very great in some places: in irrigated zone of Uzbekistan 100 kg of nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutritious substances are washed-off annually from each hectare. Damage, caused by such "irrigation" erosion, makes in USA $ 800 mln per one year. At washing in day time, when ground is warmed up to 40-50°C, with much more cold water, chemical shifts, which begin to oppress plants, arise in it. Sometimes shifts are kept 2-3 days after the washing, and only then the restoration of normal chemical reactions begins. Therefore washings should be made only in night hours. Other consequence of irrigation of chernozem is the change of their structure and density. The ground gets propensity to formation of crusts on a surface. At drying such ground breaks up on strong pieces. In broken grounds there is an intensive reorganization of soil processes: the humus and ferments, composing it, change their structure, and, though in chernozem there remains as much humus, as before washing, it becomes inaccessible for plants.

Irrigation is only one of ways of influence on underground waters. Other way of influence is drainage. The wide program of drainage of grounds is carried out in our country, in particular in non-chernozem, where the general length of drainage channels is already five times more, than the length of a circle of globe on equator. As well as irrigation, the drainage requires a careful entering in a nature. The excessive drainage of bogs, when the level of earth waters falls below 1,5 m from a surface of ground, results fast oxidation of peat and carrying out of nutritious substances in drainage ditches. At even greater downturn of a level of a water mirror, a take-off of roots of manned horizon from capillary border and sharp deterioration of conditions of development of plants occurs. The cases of degradation and destruction of woods at drainage of bogs and intensive fence of water from underground sources are known.

In the Netherlands large on scales drainage works, conducted already during hundred of years, are enough well entered in an environment. Two thousand kilometers of dams protect grounds of this country, laying below a sea level, from flooding and intrusion of sea waters, and the set of pumps are pumping out underground and freshet waters, replacing thousands of famous Dutch wind mills, carrying out this role before and invented long ago by Leonard de Vinchi.

Use of underground watersfor various needs grows all over the world. In USSR, for example, from 1940 to 1980 it has increased 15 times. All in all 10 % of world use of water is provided due to pumping of underground waters. The extraction of them is usually conducted in the rather limited territory, but thus frequently very intensively. One of the largest areas of consumption of underground waters in the world is the huge underground reservoir, stretched from Nebraska state up to Texas in USA, and known as Ogallala. The stale water both for needs of an agriculture, and for an industry and water supply of the population is taken from this reservoir through set of chinks. As a result of intensive pumping of water, which began approximately from 1940 , the level of underground waters in some places was lowered on 100-200 m. Not only renewed, but also not renewed stocks are pumped out. Intensive pumping has resulted sinking of a surface of ground on 2-2,5 m as a result of condensation of the drained porous layers. In Houston city(the state of Texas) so much water is withdrawn from underground reservoirs, that in radius of 64 km from city centre, the ground has sank almost on 3 m. 'If it continues , by 2180 the roof of 45-store skyscraper will appear below sea level', the citizens joke. In cities of Japan - Tokyo, Osaka and some other - in result of pumping of underground waters the terrestrial surface falls sinks with speed of 18 cm per one year. In a valley San-Hoakin (California, USA) on the area more than 9 thousand km ²the sinking goes with speed 37 cm per one year, the surface was lowered on 8-9 m in some places. The Mexico City in result of pumping of water was lowered on approximately 10 m. The main trouble nevertheless is not sinking of a ground, but that water is pumped out much more, than have time to replenish stocks of underground reservoirs. In result of very high rates of pumping from water carrying reservoir Ogallala in USA, thousand chinks have already run out.

In cities the man will practically completely transform a surface of territory, making it mainly water-proof; destroying a superficial river network, completely transforming other water objects. An artificial drainage network for removal both natural rain and thawed waters, and advanced waters, getting in cities through systems of carrying of a drain or from underground sources, is created at the same time. Some rivers, flowing on territory of cities, are either filled up, or hidden in underground galleries. The supervision have shown, that the city on its own and lying nearer territory, is approximately the level greater on the area, essentially changes water balance and balance of pumps. And still it is not the main negative feature of the city in its influence on hydrosphere. The largest influence is made by huge amount of substances, created in cities as a waste, которые в конце концов попадают в поверхностные и частично в подземные воды, в океан и в атмосферную составляющую гидросферы. , which eventually get in superficial and partially in underground waters, in ocean and in an atmospheric component of hydrosphere. Now 8-9 mln of chemical substances, which can be synthesized and used in some way, are known. From this huge amount in mass scale approximately 5 thousand substances , and in appreciable scales about 50 thousand, are made. Their manufacture is practically always accompanied by use of water, the part of which, sated with various intermediate and partially final products, is then dumped in reservoirs. Any manufacture requires an energy, therefore burning coal, petroleum, gas, fire wood, black oil and other items is one more source of formation of waste; though the basic part of waste here is gases and smokes, but, it appears, that they also influence hydrosphere...

The natural water objects have surprising ability to clear waters polluted with natural substances. An oxygen, contained in water, and water organisms, participates in process of self clearing. An ocean has the largest ability to self clearing, with reduction of the size of water object its ability to self clearing also decreases. Each of them has the certain limit of self clearing and consequently can sustain only certain loading of waste water, the excess of which destroys its ability to self clearing and causes the death of a reservoir. The forms of death can be different: from sterilization up to overpopulation. The river can even burn, as it happened once in USA on the river Kohaioga.

In an antiquity waste water, released in reservoirs, represented mainly the products of living activity of people and animals and almost did not include artificial created substances. Such dump " entered" natural biogeochemical processes and in whole caused only insignificant local changes of water ecosystems, basically due to increased concentration of natural substances. Industrial revolution, and then scientific and technical revolutions have brought in an enormous variety to a set of polluters of hydrosphere, by adding of a great number of artificial polluters, for which the nature did not expect, to natural ones. For this purpose it is enough to compare such figures: the amount of natural combinations of lifeless substance makes about 2 thousand names, about 2 mln of combinations enter the structure of alive substance, and the man can synthesize already about 8 mln of combinations and the number of them increases with each year.

For last 30 years the man used three times more raw material, than for all previous history. An amount of waste increased proportionally. Now more, than a tone of various wastes, a significant part of which eventually appears in hydrosphere, is considered on one man per one year. On land the fifth part of all superficial reservoirs is now almost polluted, pollution of underground and sea waters has sharply increased. Number of polluters, for which the ways of removal are frequently not developed yet at preparation of drinking water and the remote consequences of influence of which on the organism of the man remain unknown, grows quickly. Complication, concentration, the amount of manufacture and settlements result an increase of probability of the "unforeseeable" failures. According to the World organization of public health services, 25 thousand people die daily in the world from the use of the polluted water. Paraphrasing the words of one of the researchers, it is possible to say: "" Either the man will reduce the amount of pollution, or the pollution will reduce the amount of people ".